How calculator math is checked
Each calculator on this site is built on a standard, published formula rather than a proprietary model: compound-growth calculations use ordinary compound-interest math, the options profit/loss tool uses standard payoff-diagram logic for basic option positions, the drawdown-recovery tool uses the simple arithmetic relationship between a percentage loss and the percentage gain required to offset it, and the retirement and inflation tools use conventional present-value and future-value formulas. Before publication, each calculator is tested against known reference cases—inputs where the correct output can be verified independently—to catch implementation errors. None of these tools models taxes, fees, transaction costs, or an individual's specific circumstances with full precision; they are deliberately simplified to make the underlying relationship between inputs and outputs easy to see, and every calculator page says so explicitly.